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A primary paper analysed the patterns of egg manufacturing and of egg commerce within the MEA area. This paper will deal with poultry meat manufacturing and poultry meat commerce.
Hans-Wilhelm Windhorst – The writer is Professor emeritus of the College of Vechta and visiting professor on the College of Veterinary Medication Hannover, Germany
In 2020, 453 million individuals lived within the 17 MEA nations, 5.7% of the worldwide inhabitants. They shared 6.4 % in international poultry meat manufacturing and 6.9% in rooster meat manufacturing. Their function in international poultry meat commerce differed. In 2020, they shared 12.1% in international rooster meat imports and contributed 4.8% to rooster meat exports. Commerce with different poultry meat species was negligible. The particular climatic state of affairs, which limits the manufacturing of poultry feed, explains their outstanding function in rooster meat imports. The extraordinary function of poultry meat within the vitamin of the MEA nations outcomes from the dearth of spiritual limitations concerning the consumption of this meat sort.
Hen meat dominated poultry meat manufacturing
Hen meat dominated poultry meat manufacturing within the MEA area in 2020, sharing 96.5% within the total manufacturing (Desk 1). The opposite meat sorts reached solely comparatively small volumes. Whereas Egypt ranked in first place in duck and goose meat manufacturing, Israel and Turkey collectively produced over 80% of the turkey meat. Due to the dominance of rooster meat, the next evaluation will deal with this meat sort.
Excessive regional focus in rooster meat manufacturing
In 2020, the 17 MEA nations produced 8.2 mill. t of rooster meat (primarily broiler meat). The ten main nations 98.1%. Determine 1 paperwork the excessive regional focus. Iran and Turkey collectively contributed 53.0% to the full manufacturing quantity, the 4 main nations 80.3%. The rating of the three main nations displays that of the inhabitants. Israel, solely quantity 9 concerning inhabitants, ranks in fifth place. The nation clearly tries to be self-sufficient and to fulfill the demand by home manufacturing due to its political and financial isolation. Israel had the best per capita poultry meat consumption with over 60 kg/12 months worldwide in 2020.
Excessive regional focus additionally in rooster meat commerce
Excluding Turkey and Iran, the MEA nations weren’t capable of meet the rising demand by home manufacturing. Determine 2 reveals the distinctive function of Turkey. The nation shared 75.4% within the total export quantity; Iran contributed 7.2%. The United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia and Oman exported a few of their imports to adjoining Islamic nations because the detailed evaluation of the commerce flows will doc. It’s value noting that Turkey not solely ranked in first place in poultry meat but additionally in egg exports. Over the previous 20 years, a extremely environment friendly poultry business has developed on this nation, which has been capable of acquire a powerful place within the international commerce with these two gadgets. If it is going to be capable of keep this place, will rely upon the long run financial improvement and the devaluation of the Turkish Lira.
As anticipated, the regional focus in rooster meat imports was decrease than in exports as a lot of the MEA nations needed to import to fulfill the repeatedly rising demand. However, the focus was remarkably excessive. The three main nations collectively shared over two thirds within the total imports of the area (Determine 3). 
Saudi Arabia ranked in an unchallenged first place, adopted by the United Arab Emirates and Iraq. The extraordinary function which poultry meat performs within the vitamin of Saudi Arabia’s inhabitants is mirrored within the per capita consumption of over 40 kg/12 months. As talked about earlier than, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Oman exported a few of their imports to different Islamic nations within the MEA area (Desk 2).
Patterns of commerce flows
For chosen nations, patterns of rooster meat exports and imports shall be analysed.
In 2020, Turkey ranked in fifth place among the many main rooster meat exporting nations with a share of three.6% within the international export quantity. Hen meat was exported to 100 nations; the regional focus was nonetheless very excessive as Determine 4 paperwork. With a share of 53.8%, Iraq was the main nation of vacation spot, adopted by Hong Kong, Libya and Congo. The composition and rating of the nations displays the chance to deep freeze rooster meat and, in distinction to shell eggs, to move it over lengthy distances. 
The United Arab Emirates ranked in second place concerning rooster meat exports by MEA area nations (Desk 2). The home manufacturing was solely as excessive as 52,200 t. To fulfill the demand of the inhabitants, virtually 475,000 t of rooster meat had been imported, in order that 527,200 t had been accessible for consumption. Clearly, an oversupply occurred, which resulted in an export of 62,200 t to Yemen, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait.
Desk 2 paperwork that in 2020 the import quantity was about 1.5 mill. t increased than the export quantity. The spatial patterns of the imports shall be analysed intimately for chosen nations to doc similarities and variations. Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates collectively imported virtually 1.1 mill. t of rooster meat in 2020. Determine 5 exhibits the remarkably excessive focus of Saudi Arabia’s imports. 
The 5 main nations of origin contributed 97.3% to the general imports, Brazil alone 71.8%. The extraordinary function of Brazil isn’t a surprise as it’s the main rooster meat exporting nation. It’s stunning, nonetheless, that the USA didn’t export related portions to Saudi Arabia. One cause could be the aftermath of the Avian Influenza outbreaks within the USA in 2015, which stopped exports to over 30 nations. Another excuse is that the customers on the Arab Peninsula favor complete broilers with a mean weight between 0.8 and 1 kg as a meal. Whereas Brazil and France provide this product, the USA primarily exported reduce up components, which aren’t very engaging for the customers (Windhorst 2019, 2021).
The import sample of the United Arab Emirates is sort of similar with that of Saudi Arabia. The one distinction is the upper contribution of the USA (Determine 6). The composition of the inhabitants within the Emirates differs significantly from that of Saudi Arabia. The share of non-Arabic inhabitants is remarkably excessive. Main worldwide corporations and banks have their headquarters or branches in Dubai and Abu Dhabi. As well as, tourism performs an essential function, attracting guests from all around the world. Excessive-class accommodations and eating places adapt to this case and provide poultry meals, that are much like these in Europe or North America. Lower up components are the premise for these meals.
Qatar’s import sample is sort of similar with that of the United Arab Emirates. In 2020, Brazil shared 60.9% within the imports, the USA 20.5%. Kuwait imported over 104,000 t of broiler meat from Brazil, 80.3% of the general import quantity.
A comparability of the commerce flows in poultry meat imports reveals that Brazil was the main nation of origin for all nations on the Arab Peninsula. The USA, quantity two in international broiler meat exports, gained increased market shares solely within the United Arab Emirates, which, primarily based on the precise composition of the inhabitants and its worldwide financial relations, imported appreciable quantities of reduce up components to fulfill the buyer demand.
Abstract and views
The previous paper may doc that poultry meat manufacturing and commerce play an essential function within the MEA area. The dearth of spiritual limitations makes poultry meat probably the most engaging meat sort in vitamin. The regional focus in manufacturing in addition to in commerce was very excessive. In rooster meat manufacturing (virtually solely broiler meat), the 4 main nations shared over 80% within the manufacturing quantity in 2020. Iran and Turkey produced over two mill. t every. Excluding Turkey and Iran, all different MEA nations needed to import rooster meat to fulfill the rising demand. Brazil was the main nation of origin for the imports of all nations. The USA may acquire increased market shares solely within the United Arab Emirates. The rising inhabitants and a better buying energy will lead to a continuously rising demand. Because the growth of poultry meat manufacturing within the MEA area is restricted, rooster meat imports will improve. If and when cell cultured broiler meat will acquire increased market shares is a nonetheless open query regardless of the outstanding improvement in Israel and initiatives in Qatar.
Knowledge sources and options for additional studying
FAO database: https://www.fao.org/faostat.
Windhorst, H.-W.: Brazil and USA: Ongoing competitors on the worldwide rooster meat market. In: Zootecnica worldwide 41 (2019), no. 6, p. 16-19.
Windhorst, H.-W.: Brasilien – ein Gigant der globalen Fleischerzeugung und im Fleischhandel. Teil 2: Mit Geflügel an der Spitze. In: Fleischwirtschaft 101 (2021), Nr. 8, S. 28-33.
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